SENTENCE CONNECTORS
1. Contrast
a. Direct Opposition
§
Ali worked hard. On
the other hand/In contrast/ However,
Okan hardly did any work at all.
§
Metin is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent
(=hard working).
§
George is an
optimist. In contrast/However/,
Bill is a pessimist.
§
Extroverts love
crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude.
§
Six is more than
five; conversely, five is less than
six.
b. Denial of Expectation
(Unexpected result)
§ She studied diligently for several
months. Nevertheless/However/Yet/Nonetheless,
she failed.
§ George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
§ My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his interest
in legal matters.
§ It's raining. Even so, we must go out.
2. Result
§ He passed his exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/Consequently,
he had some good news to tell his parents.
§ Professor Brown is an outstanding
scientist. Hence, he is highly
respected.
§ He has been studying hard for a long
time. Thus, he has made considerable
progress.
§ He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely to be
successful.
§ The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices are higher now.
3. Addition and Listing
§
§
§
§
§
§
§ Aykut plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs a
restaurant.
§ Necla writes short stories, in addition,
she writes articles for a newspaper.
§ To prepare his homework, Jack went through
various history books. Furthermore, he took notes from several
encyclopedias.
§ During her spare time, Ayla practices the piano;
in addition, she plays the violin.
§ I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the
open market because they are quite cheap there. Besides, they are much
fresher than fruits and vegetables sold at the greengrocers'.
§ Living in a big city offers good job
opportunities. Also, it provides good educational opportunities.
§ All docs not have a gift for music. Moreover,
he lacks motivation to practice music. Therefore, he can't become a
good musician.
§ Owning a car has some advantages. First (First
of all/Firstly/ To begin with), it gives you comfort. Secondly,
it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you great freedom of
movement.
4. Time
I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a
shower.- First pick up the receiver and then
insert a coin into the coin-box.
- At first, I had great difficulty with grammar
Later, however , I was able to overcome these difficulties by
studying hard.
- The party is Tuesday,
but in the meantime I have to shop and prepare the food.
- They'll be here soon. Meanwhile,
let's have coffee.
5. Exemplification- Women generally live
longer than men. For instance, in the
- Earthquakes can be
highly destructive. To illustrate, the earthquake which occurred in
Erzincan in 1939 devastated the whole town, killing more than 35,000
people.
6. Particularization
in particular
particularly specifically
- Shopping in small
markets is quite advantageous. In particular, one can find
specialty items that larger stores do not contain.
- We still needed to
arrange several details for the trip. Specifically, we had to make
plane and train reservations as well as decide on the final itinerary.
7. Explanation
that is
namely in other words that is to say
- The brochure dealt
with travelling in
- The machinery was not
impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
- Good readers should be
able to read between the lines; that is, they should be able to
make inferences (=to draw conclusions) about information that is conveyed
indirectly or given only partially.
- There is only one
topic to discuss, namely, the question of discipline.
- As a child grows up,
he learns how to behave in ways which are appropriate to the society into
which he is born. That is to say, he acquires the patterns of
behavior which are accepted as normal in his society.
8.
Similarity
likewise similarly correspondingly by the same token in the same way
- Men must wear a jacket
and a tie; similarly, women must wear a skirt or a dress, not
trousers.
- She was late and I similarly
was delayed.
- You can't teach
navigation in the middle of a storm. Likewise, you can't build a
system of values in the current educational climate.
9.
Emphasis
in fact
indeed as a matter of fact actually
- He is quite wealthy. In
fact, he is one of the richest men in
- I like reading. As
a matter of fact, it is my favorite pastime.
- Mural is a highly
talented musician. Indeed, he has an extraordinary gift for music.
10.
Refutation
on the contrary
- She is not ugly. On
the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
- I don't hate classical
music. On the contrary, I'm very fond of it.
11.
Reformulation
in other words to put it in a different way, put differently
- He is a conservative. In
other words, he favors the preservation of old institutions in their
original form.
- Is there a cheaper
solution? In other words, can you make a cheaper device?
12.
Correction
rather to be more precise
- He is enjoying
himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying himself.
- This system must be
improved. Rather, it must be thoroughly changed.
- Her name is not
Margeret. Rather, it is Margot.
13.
Transition
as for as to
with regard to with
respect to
as regards regarding as far as X is concerned
- Both Orkun and Ozkan
are my friends. Orkun studies law at
- As far as comfort is concerned, a car
is definitely much better than a bicycle. On the other hand, with
respect to convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
- METU and ITU are
similar in several respects (=ways). First, they are both
technical universities. Secondly, they are alike as regards the
courses offered.
- Sony, which is $550,
is much more expensive than Grundig, which is $440. However, as far as quality
is concerned (With regard to/ As regards
quality), the former is far better than the latter.
14. Alternative
- You're welcome to come
with us now in our car. Alternatively, you could go later with
Mary.
15. Negative Condition
or else
otherwise
- I must leave now, or
else I'll be late.
- You must study hard. Otherwise,
you may fail.
16. Summation/ Conclusion
in summary
in brief in short in conclusion to be brief to sum up all in all
- This is our most
disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever; in short, it is a fiasco.
- The system lacked
originality, efficiency and ingenuity. In conclusion, it was a
complete failure.
17. Other Sentence Connectors
after all: considering all the factors in the
situation
- I don't think he
should be punished for breaking the window. After all, he's only
five years old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an
additional point that the speaker has just thought of)
- Some people, and incidentally
that includes Robert, just won't look after themselves properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
- He misses all of us,
but he longs above all to see his family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
- I like him; all the same, I don't
trust him
anyway,
anyhow, in any case
- I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in
any case, I wasn't keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
- Mary did not answer. Instead
she looked out of the taxi window.
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