PARAGRAF SORULARININ ÇÖZÜMÜ İLE İLGİLİ TAKTİKLER VE UYARILAR

ÇÖZÜMÜ İLE İLGİLİ TAKTİKLER VE UYARILAR

Paragraf sorularında, klasik olarak bahsedilen ifadeler hep paragrafı okuduktan sonra aklınızda oluşturduğunuz şeyleri seçeneklere yansıtmanız olmuştur. Ancak paragrafında aynı gramer sorularında olduğu gibi kendine has kuralları vardır. Bunları şu başlıklar altında toplayabiliriz: ü Paragrafı okurken kelime grupları olarak zarf, sıfat ve fiillere dikkat etmemiz gerekmektedir. Çünkü bizden istenilen bu kelime grupların ya eş anlamlısı olur, ya İngilizce anlamı olur ya da zıt anlamlısının olumsuz hali olur. Örnek: Non-fiction stories are concerned with real events and characters. What is included in the non-fiction stories is not imaginary events and characters. The main function of fictional works is to entertain readers. Fictional works aim at enabling readers to spend their time joyously or pleasurably. Unknown things arouse great interest in us. We are interested in the things we are not familiar with. ü Sınavlarda sorulan paragraf soruları, o soruları yazan kişilere göre değişiklik gösterebilir. Özellikle kpds ve üds sınavlarında yöneltilen paragraf soruları bunu açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Dikkat edeceğimiz tek önemli unsur, cümleleri okurken sadece cümleleri Türkçeye çevirmek değildir. Öğrenciler sadece Türkçeye çevirmektedir ancak bu cümleleri akıllarında yorumlamamaktadırlar. Yapmamız gereken işlem çevirdiğimiz cümleye “demek ki” ya da “yani” diyerek yorum yapmaktır. Çünkü bu soruları yazarken öğretmen arkadaşlar da aynı şeyi yapmaktadırlar. Örnek verecek olursak; Both students and teachers can easily understand a play without necessarily watching it being played. One can understand from the passage that not only the students but also the teachers don’t have to watch the performance of the play if they want to understand it. Parçada verilen cümlede necessarily ifadesi bize oyunları anlamak için illaki onların sahnelenirken seyretmek zorunda olmadığımız çıkarımını sağlamaktadır. ü Diğer önemli bir hususta, öğrencilerin sürekli kelime çalışması yapması gerekmektedir. Kelime çalışması nedir? Okunulan her materyalde geçen zarf, sıfat ve fiillerin sadece Türkçe anlamını ezberlemek değil, bu kelimelerin bizi asıl nereye götürdüğüne dikkat etmemiz gerekmektedir. Bu yüzden bir paragraf defteri tutmakta fayda vardır. Bu defterde, parçaları konularına göre ayırmamız gerekmektedir. Örneğin, sanayi inkılabı ile alakalı parçayı özetleyerek deftere yazılmalı ve arkasından bu parçada geçen kelimelerin listesi yapılmalıdır. Bu sayede kelimeler aklımızda dosyalama sistemiyle kalacaktır ve aynı zamanda bu kelimeler ile ilgili aklımızda cümle kalacaktır. Bir kelimeyi tek başına ezberlememeliyiz. ü Parçalarda verilen yüzdelik dilimler ve rakamsal ifadeler de çok önemlidir. Türkçe paragraflarda paragrafın tamamı ile ilgili sorular sorulurken biz bir tek kelimeye göre soru sorabiliriz. %100 all/whole/entire/complete %90 most/much/many %75 more than half %50 half %25 less than half %10 little, only a little, few, only a few, almost no %0 no/none Dikkat edecek olursak genellikle bu yüzdelik dilimler parçalarda verilir. Ve biz bunları karşılarında yazan ifadelerle seçeneklerde veririz. Örnek: In the community of Arabian ghettos, women carry the 90 percentage of burden at home. In Arabian ghettos, there are few things that men do at home. Bu cümlede erkekler olmamasına rağmen biz doğru cevapta erkekleri veriyoruz çünkü evdeki sorumluluğun yüzde 90 nını kadınlar yapıyorsa geriye kalan yüzde 10 nunu da erkekler yapar çıkarımını yapabiliriz. ü Sonuç olarak cümle üzerinde çıkarım çalışması yapmak gerekmektedir. Aşağıdaki cümlelerde çıkarım çalışması yapabiliriz. While walking along the river, he saw berries in the water. He dived down for them, but was stunned when he unexpectedly struck the bottom. There he lay for quite a while, and when he recovered consciousness and looked up, he saw the berries hanging on a tree just above him. 1) As the writer of the paragraph implies (suggest) that, One can infer (determine) from the passage that, It can be easily inferred (suggested) from the passage that the man couldn`t get the berries upon the river because __________ . A) the berries are at the bottom of the river. B) the man was paralysed for having bombed his head on the bottom of the river. C) the man saw the berries reflected rather than actually floating in the water. D) he didn`t know how to swim in a river. E) he didn`t understand whether the berries were real or not. 2) A star very similar to the sun is one of the nearest star to Earth. That star is Alpha Centauri, just 4.3 light-years away. Other than our own Sun, the nearest star to the Earth is a tiny red star, not visible without a telescope, called Proxima Centauri. It can be inferred from this passage that ____________ . A) Proxima Centauri is similar to the Earth’s Sun. B) Proxima Centauri is the furthest star to the Earth. C) Alpha Centauri is invisible from the Earth. D) Proxima Centauri is less than 4.3 light-years from the Earth. E) Proxima Centauri is larger than the star Alpha Centauri. 3) A metal-worker of 3,000 years ago would recognize virtually every step of the lost-wax process used to cast titanium for jet engines. A) Titanium has been forged for thousands of years. B) The lost-wax method of casting is very old. C) Metal working has changed very little in 3,000 years. 4) When apple growers talk about new varieties of apples, they don’t mean something developed last month, last year, or even in the last decade. A) Apple growers haven’t developed any new varieties in recent decades. B) Some varieties of apples can be developed in a short time, but others take a long time. C) New varieties of apples take many years to develop. 5) Blood cholesterol used to be thought of as a problem only for adults. A) Blood cholesterol is no longer a problem for adults. B) Only children have a problem with blood cholesterol. C) Blood cholesterol affects both adults and children. ü Aşağıdaki parçaları çözünüz. With William Shakespeare, English drama reaches its greatest heights. Despite many stories surrounding him, facts about his life are few. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon, where his birthplace has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in Britain. In 1582, he married Ann Hathaway, by whom he had three children. Of the next ten years of his life we know very little. For reasons unknown to us, he set off for London to become an actor and try his hand at play-writing. His attempts, apparently, were successful enough, for in 1598 he is referred to as one of England’s leading dramatists. 1) As is pointed out in the passage, William Shakespeare __________. A) obviously gained a great success in play-writing as a result of his endeavours in London B) departed from London in 1592 in order to try his chance at play-writing C) fell through his trials at play-writing in London D) realised his ambition to become a successful playwright but was not recognized by the critics E) was exposed to many criticisms by the leading dramatists in those days 2) One can easily understand from the passage that ____________. A) the presence of Shakespeare helped Stratford-on-Avon become the most popular tourist attraction B) Shakespeare couldn’t take his place among pioneer dramatists though he made many attempts C) there are many rumours about Shakespeare’s life and much is unknown about him D) during the late 17th century, Shakespeare proved to become the most popular dramatist E) Shakespeare clearly got married more than once during his life-span 3) Much of the passage is devoted to _______. A) the reasons why Shakespeare chose London to try his chance at play-writing B) the period of English drama in the early 15th century C) how Stratford-on-Avon became a tourist attraction D) the criteria Shakespeare took into consideration while writing his plays E) the biography of William Shakespeare and his contribution to English drama During the second half of the 18th century, the stability of the Augustan Age was gradually lost in a period of social change and growing unrest. The Industrial Revolution was turning England from an agricultural nation into an industrial one, and large numbers of farm workers were forced to seek employment in the new factories in the towns, which often resulted in long hours and miserable working conditions for those who were lucky enough to find a job there and poverty and wretchedness for those who were not. The period of industrialisation brought wealth and prosperity to the country at large, but the enthusiasm with which it was received by some people was not shared by all. 4) It is clear from the passage that during the transition from Augustan Age to Industrialisation period, ___________. A) the farmers didn’t have any trouble adapting to the conditions of industrial age B) both the employed and the unemployed suffered from the disturbance in one form or another C) a great majority of farmers were lucky to find a job in the factories D) the social unrest could be settled with the aid of new factories E) the rank of all the farmers was raised to a higher level 5) It is suggested in the passage that between the year 1750 and 1799 ________. A) there happened an abrupt change in the social structure B) all people were leading their lives by working in the factories during the Augustan Age C) the healthy system of the Augustan Age was spoilt step by step because of the alterations in the society D) the farming-based system was available under the Industrial Revolution E) many farmers were made redundant by the authorities under the Industrial Age rule 6) The writer of the passage argues that _____. A) the abundance of money made all the people content in the Industrial Age B) during the Augustan Age new factories were merely erected in England C) the amount of unemployment was highly low during even early Industrial Age D) not everybody was satisfied with the conditions of Industrial Age E) a large number of people were made redundant in the late Industrial Age It started out to be a simple exploratory operation. Then, suddenly, the patient’s heart stopped. Her brain waves started levelling off. The medical team immediately began emergency treatment to try to start the heart again. At last the chief surgeon announced that the patient had died. Minutes later, much to almost everyone’s amazement, the “dead” patient came back to life. Her heart started, and her brain waves began to assume normal patterns. Later she told the doctors that she had been fully aware of everything that had happened while “dead”. She believed that she came back to life because she wanted so badly to live longer. She said death was not frightening, but she wasn’t ready to go yet. The experts admit that they have no satisfactory explanations for these near-death experiences (NDE). 7) As it is pointed out in the passage, the astonishment of the surgeons during the operation ____________. A) was caused by the mere fact that the patient’s heart stopped beating B) is not an uncommon situation all over the world C) is partly due to the revival of the patient D) turned into the feeling that some miraculous hand gave life to the dead patient E) was still lasting even though ten years passed after the date of the operation 8) One can easily understand from the passage that only a few surgeons during the operation ________. A) were able to explain satisfactorily how the patient could turn back to life B) believed that the patient really died C) knew how to resurrect a dead body D) carried on the operation after the chief surgeon declared the death of the patient E) did not get surprised by the fact that the patient turned back to life from death 9) It is clear from the passage that the experts ___________. A) do not have any explanations about the phenomenon of NDE B) were all relieved when the patient informed that death is not frightening C) finally found out how to resurrect a dead person after that operation D) have some explanations about NDE that are not based on a reasonable stem E) all changed their prejudices about the phenomenon of NDE Perhaps you think of Pinocchio's Blue Fairy, the Good Witch of the West from “The Wizard of Oz”, or Peter Pan's “Tinkerbell” when you imagine a fairy. But in fact, fairies don't like to be seen by people at all. These tiny creatures can appear and disappear in the blink of an eye. You may never know if you've seen one or not! But you can be sure of one thing: there is a wealth of fascinating myth about these little people who can vanish at will. 10) It is suggested in the passage that fairies ___________. A) want to appear in the sight of people in Peter Pan’s Tinkerbell B) enjoy being observed by people very much C) have existed from the very beginning of the universe D) are thought to be beneficial to human beings thanks to Pinocchio's Blue Fairy E) are notorious for causing the sleeping patterns of people to be spoilt 11) The writer of the passage tries to assure us that ___________. A) what is told about the presence of fairies is a certain reality B) there are many fallacies about fairies’ being able to disappear whenever they want C) there is a lot of information about fairies, all of which can be regarded as accurate D) the unique resource about the fairies is available in “The Wizard of Oz” E) fairies are known to be invaluable friends for the human being 12) It is apparent from the passage that fairies __________. A) are striking creatures that move very slowly B) are rather different from ghosts in that they want to help people very much C) never refuse to accept any offer coming from children D) are creatures that are too small to be noticed E) have taken their places only in stories or films The environment is something you are very familiar with. It's everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our ability to live on the earth—the air we breathe, the water that covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around us, and much more. In recent years, scientists have been carefully examining the ways that people affect the environment. They have found that we are causing air pollution, deforestation, acid rain, and other problems that are dangerous both to the earth and to ourselves. These days, when you hear people talk about “the environment”, they are often referring to the overall condition of our planet, or how healthy it is. 13) As it is stated in the passage, such problems as air pollution, deforestation and acid rain __________. A) constitute a jeopardy for not only the earth but also the human beings B) merely led to the extinction of some certain animal species C) prove how indifferent we have become to the innovations made by the scientists D) are the most important issues that scientists are dealing with these days E) have already deteriorated most of our environment very much 14) It is implied in the passage that when influencing our environment, _________. A) we only place a harmful impact on the freshness of water B) we effect important strides in the general condition of the earth C) we also give harm to the plants and animals around us D) we become responsible for the destruction of most of the vegetation E) fortunately, we do not induce much harm to other things in it 15) This passage is mainly concerned with _________. A) how the water is being polluted by the people B) why some animal species have gone extinct C) what people mean while talking about “the environment” D) the known condition of air we inhale now E) the general meaning of the word “environment” and how it is affected Basque language is the tongue of uncertain relationship spoken by close to a million people, most of whom live in North-East Spain and some of whom reside in South-West France. The language has eight dialects. Speakers of Basque are for the most part bilingual, and there are many Basques who do not speak the language. Basque is definitely not an Indo-European tongue. Some scholars believe it is descended from Aquitanian, which was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula and in South Gaul in ancient times. Other linguists think Basque is akin to the Caucasian languages and suggest that its speakers came from Asia Minor to Spain and Gaul c.2000 B.C. 16) On reading the passage, we can easily say that ____________. A) Basque language is widely spoken by the people living in France B) there is no idea on the origin of Basque language approved by all the scholars C) the number of people speaking Basque language was very high in the past D) Aquitanian language is thought to have derived from Basque language E) people living in South-West France no longer use the Basque language 17) It is clear from the passage that _________. A) Caucasian languages are proved to be rather different from Basque language B) more than one million people speak Basque language all over the world C) Basque certainly takes the place in the group of Indo-European tongue D) the eight dialects of Basque language are rather different from one another E) a majority of Basques do not use their native language 18) One of the points made about the Basque language is that ___________. A) people speaking Basque language are cut off from the world in terms of communication B) people living in both North-East Spain and South-West France dislike speaking Basque language C) we know for certain that it does not originate from Indo-European group D) the origin of Basque natives is Spain and Gaul E) the number of people who speak Aquitanian language is almost one million It’s easy to understand how a bird can fly – it’s lightweight and has wings. But how does a huge airplane get off the ground? The plane’s engine pushes the plane forward. As it moves, air flowing around the wings creates lift. The lift increases as the plane gathers speed. The plane takes off once there’s enough lift to overtake gravity. When the plane is in the air, thrust from the engines incessantly pushes the plane forward. 19) The writer of the passage points out that ___________. A) speed is the main factor in enabling a huge airplane to fly B) only the engine helps an airplane to take off C) a airplane can take off even without speeding on the ground D) the flying of birds inspired the manufacturers to produce an airplane E) all the birds don’t need to speed up while on the ground 20) According to the writer of the passage, ___________. A) nobody has extensively analysed how a bird can fly so far B) how a big airplane can fly cannot be explained as simply as how a bird can fly C) the way a bird can fly is entirely similar to the way an airplane can fly D) how a huge airplane can fly is still a mystery for everybody E) all bird species are not subject to the phenomenon of gravity 21) It is clear from the passage that while in the air, a plane __________. A) constantly feeds on the force of its engine B) does not benefit from its engine C) makes use of its engine on and off D) adjusts the power of its engine according to the amount of clouds E) glides with the help of wings after stopping its engine