Okuma Geliştirme 4

METİN İÇİ KELİME ÇALIŞMALARI

4-MUSIC OR NOISE?

frequencies amplitude detect sequence,eardrums, consciously, vibration

(1)_________ is movement and sound that comes from objects which vibrate. For example, guitar strings, when touched, vibrate and make a

sound; and drum skins, when hit, vibrate and make a sound. Vibrations are described in terms of amplitude and frequency. In the case of a guitar,

the (2)________, or loudness, is the distance the string moves; and in the case of a drum, the skin moves at a certain speed and vibrates a

certain number of times each second. If the skin, or the string, vibrates 440 times per second, then we say it has a frequency of 440 Hertz (or 440

Hz for short). If it moves faster or slower, then it has a higher or lower frequency.

The human ear cannot (3)________ all sounds. Sounds must have a certain amplitude, and a frequency between 40 Hz and 16,000 Hz.

Vibrations above or below these will not be detected by the human ear even if they are extremely loud. Many animals have better hearing

than us. Dogs, for example, can hear higher frequencies; and bats can hear sounds with incredibly high frequencies up to 48,000 Hz.

The vibrating object first causes the molecules in the air around it to vibrate at the same frequency and amplitude. These molecules then

cause other molecules to vibrate and so it continues until molecules of air inside our ears vibrate. Finally our (4)________ vibrate and cause

minute, i.e. very small, electrical signals to be sent to the brain.

All sounds come from vibrations. But not all sounds are the same. Some are pleasant to hear, such as music. Others are unpleasant and

these we call noise. What’s the difference between the two? This is a difficult question to answer. But the sounds of musical instruments, which

are usually good to hear, do have a special characteristic: musical instruments, such as the guitar and the drum, vibrate at more than one

frequency. Thus, when a guitar string produces the note of A, the vibration of greatest amplitude has a frequency of 440 Hz. But there are

vibrations of other (5)__________ present, too. They have less amplitude, and so we do not (6)_________ hear them. But they add to the sound

and form a pattern of frequencies which is pleasant to hear. This is called harmonics. It is harmonics which help us to identify the musical

instrument we hear.

Of course, there are other characteristics of music, too. One of these is rhythm, the (7)________ of sounds. Rhythm is not exclusive to

musical sound; but it is one of the factors which help make music pleasant to hear.

KELİME ANLAM EŞ ANLAM

amplitude genişlik, bolluk, çokluk; genlik àEşanlamàbigness, greatness, largeness, magnitude,

sizeableness

consciously bile bile, bilinçli olarak, kasten

detect ortaya çıkarmak, belirlemek, keşfetmek; farketmek; sezmek àcatch, descry, encounter, espy, hit (on or upon),

meet (with), spot, turn upeardrum kulak zarıàfrequency sıklık, sık sık olma, frekans, titreşim sıklığı

sequence dizi, seri, sıra, art arda sıralama, yinelenen melodi, silsile,bölüm, sekans, gidiş, mantıklılık

àalternation, chain, consecution, order, progression,row, sequel, series, train

vibration titreşim, titreme, sarsılma, tereddüd, heyecan